Empirically-Based Suggestions for Parents, Students, and Teachers

Career decision-making is complex, but research supports several effective strategies to help emerging adults navigate this critical stage. These suggestions are grounded in peer-reviewed studies and best practices from the field of developmental psychology and career counseling.

For Students:

• Engage in Self-Exploration Activities: Reflecting on interests, strengths, and values using tools like the Self-Directed Search or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator can provide clarity and boost career confidence (Savickas, 2019).

• Pursue Experiential Learning: Internships, volunteer work, or job shadowing can provide hands-on experience and reduce ambiguity in career preferences (Arnett, 2015).

• Use Campus Career Services: Regular engagement with academic and career advisors has been linked to increased decision-making satisfaction and reduced anxiety (Côté, J. E., 2016).

For Parents:

• Support Autonomy: Encouraging exploration rather than imposing expectations promotes healthier identity formation and career satisfaction (Kroger, J., & Marcia, J. E., 2019).

• Model Lifelong Learning: Demonstrating flexibility and openness in your own career path can normalize change and growth for your emerging adult child.

• Stay Involved, Not Controlling: Maintaining open communication without pressure helps create a safe space for discussing goals and setbacks (Savickas, 2019).

For Teachers and Educators:

• Integrate Career Readiness into the Curriculum: Embedding skills like résumé writing, networking, and goal-setting within class content prepares students early.

• Provide Mentorship Opportunities: Teacher-mentors can serve as powerful role models and sounding boards for students exploring their career identity.

• Facilitate Career Panels or Guest Speakers: Bringing professionals into the classroom exposes students to a range of fields and real-world experiences.